# Infrastructure

The NEON devices communicate using LoRaWAN; these are the "end devices" or "sensors" in a LoRaWAN infrastructure. They send data over LoRa which is forwarded by a gateway to the LoRa Network Server for processing. TWTG's NEON devices are specially designed for Industrial Internet of Things (I-IoT) infrastructures using LoRaWAN. 

<figure><img src="/files/EMgeaP7pDYSHCPcCz7Oy" alt=""><figcaption><p>Example of an I-IoT infrastructure</p></figcaption></figure>

For more information on LoRaWAN please visit the [LoRa Alliance website](https://lora-alliance.org/about-lorawan/).&#x20;

### LoRa Network Server

A LoRa Network Server (LNS) is a crucial component in a LoRaWAN architecture. It serves as the central point of control and management for LoRa devices within a LoRa network. The primary functions of a LoRa Network Server include:

1. Communication Handling: The LNS facilitates communication between LoRa devices and the application servers. It receives data from devices, processes it, and forwards it to the appropriate application server for further processing or storage.
2. Network Control: The LNS monitors the network health and controls various parameters to optimize network performance, such as data rate, frequency channels, and transmission power.
3. Security: The LNS ensures the security of communication between LoRa devices and the network by implementing encryption and authentication mechanisms.
4. Integration with Application Servers: The LNS interfaces with application servers, which are responsible for processing and analyzing data received from LoRa devices. It forwards data from devices to the appropriate application server based on predefined rules and protocols.

### Application Server

The application server manages the LoRaWAN application layer, which involves tasks like decrypting and decoding uplink data, queuing downlink messages, and encoding downlink data with encryption.

The application server is capable of decoding and encoding binary payloads transmitted to and from end devices. This facilitates the handling of structured streaming data, such as JSON objects via MQTT and HTTP webhooks, while efficiently utilizing compact binary data for transmission over the air.

### Join Server

The join server within a LoRaWAN network oversees the over-the-air activation (OTAA) procedure employed for incorporating end devices into the network. It holds the essential data for handling uplink join request frames and downlink join accept frames. Moreover, it serves as the crucial network element responsible for deriving both network and application session encryption keys.


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